Far-right forces in Europe are expected to see a surge in the upcoming European elections, despite recent setbacks in some countries. Despite their diversity and disunited nature, these parties have a chance of winning in several countries like Italy, France, the Netherlands, Hungary, or Austria and finishing second in Germany. Projections suggest that they could secure over 180 seats out of 720 in the European Parliament.
If this scenario plays out, the far-right groups with a significant Eurosceptic representation will have a considerable influence on crucial issues such as the green transition, rule of law norms, enlargement towards the east, and immigration policies. The Parliament may become more polarized on foreign policy challenges such as supporting Ukraine against Russian invasion and responding to conflicts in the Middle East.
Despite their similarities on nationalism and immigration, far-right parties differ significantly on various issues. The European Parliament currently sees these parties aligned in two groups – European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and Identity and Democracy (ID), with Fidesz led by Viktor Orbán not affiliated with any group. However, differences between these groups prevent a unified ultra-right group in the Parliament. These parties also face internal divides and tensions over issues such as nationality laws and abortion rights.
The far-right parties adapt to societal problems and values in their respective countries leading to flexible positions on various policy matters. Differences in economic ideologies, social protection components, and adherence to democratic values distinguish far-right parties across Europe. Some emphasize low taxes and ultra-liberalism while others prioritize maintaining a robust welfare state and promote “welfare state chauvinism.” The actions of certain governments led by far-right parties have raised concerns about democratic governance while others have not faced similar criticisms.
Overall, the far-right landscape is complex as these parties navigate different political, social, and economic landscapes to gain support and influence.
